It's important to note, however, that this was an "observational" study, which can only point to a link (or lack thereof) between two variables - in this case, ADT and colon cancer. This type of study cannot prove cause-and-effect.
Shahinian told Reuters Health, the absolute risk of colon cancer in all of the men was small; over 5 years, it was just 2.2 percent for men on androgen-blocking drugs and 3.2 percent in those who had surgery, compared with 1.8 percent in the men who did not receive ADT.